On the other hand, Tier 2 and Tier 3 providers might own some of their own networks but must pay to transmit data on other networks. An example of one of these is the US-based telecommunications company, CenturyLink. The biggest global providers, known as Tier 1 providers, have networks that span the globe, without needing the use of transit agreements with any other providers, this means all their exchange of data is effectively free for traffic in both directions. The Internet Backbone is made up of providers. On top of that, they also require a high level of redundancy, ensuring data is routed and re-routed for load balancing and congestion avoidance, ensuring data always moves quickly. And as the internet continues to expand, with billions of websites, three billion people, and 50 billion things all connected to it at any one time, these data routes, hosted by commercial, government, academic, and other high-capacity network centers, need to maintain their integrity, reliability, and authentication. It is integral to not only the smooth running of the internet but its whole existence. It is the linking of the largest and fastest networks with fiber optic connections and high-performance routers. This is what the internet is made up of, tens of thousands of networks that we call Autonomous Systems.Įssentially our global Internet Backbone connects local networks, Autonomous Systems, across countries, across oceans, and across the world. As these connections are made, each of our networks connects to one another, eventually connecting us to the entire internet. When you connect to the internet from your home or office, your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or Mobile Network Operator (MNO) connects you to the thousands of services, sites, and sources of online content via the servers and computers that house them, building a network. But what does that mean for those of us who use them on a day-to-day basis? The Internet Backbone can be defined as “the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected computer networks and core routers of the internet”.
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